Plan Then Go

Visa & Residency Basics

Understanding visas and residency is the foundation of any move abroad. The rules vary dramatically by country, but the core concepts are universal — and easier to navigate than most people think.

Visa Types You Need to Know

Not all visas are created equal. Here are the main categories relevant to adults planning a move abroad:

  • Tourist visa — typically 30–90 days, no work allowed, good for trial stays

  • Retirement visa — available in many countries for those over 50–55 with proof of income or savings

  • Digital nomad visa — a newer category for remote workers, available in 50+ countries

  • Long-stay visa (D-type) — allows stays of 6–12 months, often renewable

  • Residency permit — grants legal right to live in a country long-term, sometimes leading to permanent residency

Common Requirements

While every country has its own specific requirements, most residency and long-stay visas ask for some combination of:

  • Proof of regular income (pension, Social Security, investments) — typically $1,500–$3,000/month

  • Health insurance valid in the destination country

  • Clean criminal background check (apostilled)

  • Valid passport with 12+ months remaining

  • Proof of accommodation (rental agreement or property ownership)

The Application Process

Most visa applications follow a predictable path: gather documents, get them apostilled or notarized, submit the application (either at a consulate in your home country or in-country), attend an interview if required, and wait for processing. Timelines vary from a few weeks to several months.

Some countries — like Portugal, Spain, and Mexico — allow you to enter on a tourist visa and apply for residency after arriving. Others require you to apply from your home country before you go. Research this early, as it affects your entire moving timeline.

💡 Pro Tip

Consider hiring an immigration attorney in your destination country. They typically cost $500–$2,000 for the full process and can save you months of frustration. They know exactly which documents are needed, how to navigate local bureaucracy, and can spot issues before they become problems.

Retirement Visa Highlights by Country

  • Panama (Pensionado) — $1,000/month income, extensive senior discounts on everything from restaurants to airfare

  • Thailand (O-A visa) — for those 50+, requires ~$25,000 in savings or $2,000/month income

  • Portugal (D7 visa) — passive income visa, roughly $800/month minimum, path to EU residency

  • Mexico (Residente Temporal) — approximately $2,500/month income or $42,000 in savings

Your Next Step

Research the specific visa options for your top 2–3 countries. Note the income requirements, document list, and processing timeline for each. This information will shape your entire moving plan.